J. W. Ball and D. K. Nordstrom, User's manual for Wateq4F, with revised thermodynamic data base and test cases for calculating speciation of major, trace, and redox in natural waters, US Geol. Survey Open File Rep, pp.91-183, 1991.

M. Bardy, E. Fritsch, S. Derenne, T. Allard, N. R. Do-nascimento et al., Micromorphology and spectroscopic characteristics of organic matter in waterlogged podzols of the upper Amazon basin, Micromorphology and spectroscopic characteristics of organic matter in waterlogged podzols of the upper Amazon basin, pp.222-230, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.03.008

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/bioemco-00393721

N. H. Batjes and J. A. Dijkshoorn, Carbon and nitrogen stocks in the soils of the Amazon Region, Geoderma, vol.89, issue.3-4, pp.273-286, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7061(98)00086-X

M. F. Benedetti, J. F. Ranville, T. Allard, A. J. Bednar, and N. Menguy, The iron status in colloidal matter from the Rio Negro, Brasil, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol.217, issue.1-3, pp.1-9, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0927-7757(02)00553-8

M. Bernoux, M. C. Carvalho, B. Volkoff, C. , and C. C. , Brazil's Soil Carbon Stocks, Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol.66, issue.3, pp.888-896, 2002.
DOI : 10.2136/sssaj2002.8880

R. Boulet, A. Chauvel, F. X. Humbel, L. , and Y. , Analyse structurale et cartographie en pédologie. I-Prise en compte de l'organisation bidimensionnelle de la couverture pédologique: lesétudesles´lesétudes de toposéquences et leurs principaux apportsàapports`apportsà la connaissance des sols, Cah. ORSTOM, sér. Pédol. XIX, vol.4, pp.309-321, 1982.

S. Bravard and D. Righi, Characterization of fulvic and humic acids from an oxisol-spodosol toposequence of Amazonia, Brazil, Geoderma, vol.48, issue.1-2, pp.151-162, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7061(91)90013-J

A. Chauvel, Y. Lucas, and R. Boulet, On the genesis of the soil mantle of the region of Manaus, pp.234-241, 1987.

A. Chauvel, I. Walker, L. , and Y. , Sedimentation and pedogenesis in a Central Amazonian Black water basin, Biogeochemistry, vol.215, issue.2, pp.77-95, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02181033

T. P. Chin, G. Aiken, and E. O-'loughlin, Molecular Weight, Polydispersity, and Spectroscopic Properties of Aquatic Humic Substances, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.28, issue.11, pp.1853-1858, 1994.
DOI : 10.1021/es00060a015

R. M. Cornell and U. Schwertmann, The Iron Oxides: Structure, Properties, Reactions and Uses, VCH, p.355, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/3527602097

S. Cornu, J. P. Ambrosi, Y. Lucas, and D. Février, A comparative study of the soil solution chemistry of two Amazonian forest soils (Central Amazonia, Brazil), Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, vol.1, issue.2, pp.313-324, 1997.
DOI : 10.5194/hess-1-313-1997

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00330821

S. Cornu, Y. Lucas, J. P. Ambrosi, and T. Desjardins, Transfer of dissolved Al, Fe and Si in two Amazonian forest environments in Brazil, European Journal of Soil Science, vol.12, issue.3, pp.377-384, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)81519-1

M. L. Costa and E. L. Moraes, Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of kaolins from the Amazon region, Mineralium Deposita, vol.33, issue.3, pp.283-297, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s001260050147

C. W. Cuss, C. Guéguen, E. Hill, D. , and P. J. , Spatio-temporal variation in the characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the streams of boreal forests: Impacts on modelled copper speciation, Chemosphere, vol.80, issue.7, pp.764-770, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.05.012

R. Dall-'agnol and M. J. Macambira, Titanita-biotita granitos do baixo Rio Uaupés, Província Rio Negro, Amazonas. Parte 1: Geologia, petrografia e geocronologia, Rev. Bras. Geocienc, vol.22, pp.3-14, 1992.

J. A. Davis, Adsorption of natural dissolved organic matter at the oxide/water interface, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.46, issue.11, pp.2381-2393, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(82)90209-5

F. Delarue, S. Cornu, J. Daroussin, S. Salvador-blanes, H. Bourennane et al., 3D representation of soil distribution: An approach for understanding pedogenesis, Comptes Rendus Geoscience, vol.341, issue.6, pp.486-494, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crte.2009.04.004

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00399744

D. Dubroeucq and B. Volkoff, From Oxisols to Spodosols and Histosols: evolution of the soil mantles in the Rio Negro basin (Amazonia), CATENA, vol.32, issue.3-4, pp.245-280, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0341-8162(98)00045-9

E. Fritsch, T. Allard, M. F. Benedetti, M. Bardy, N. R. Do-nascimento et al., Organic complexation and translocation of ferric iron in podzols of the Negro River watershed. Separation of secondary Fe species from Al species, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.73, issue.7, pp.1813-1825, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.008

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00481366

C. Garnier, S. Mounier, and J. Y. Benaim, Influence of dissolved organic carbon content on modelling natural organic matter acid???base properties, Water Research, vol.38, issue.17, pp.3685-3692, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.watres.2004.05.019

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01096790

C. Garnier, I. Pizeta, S. Mounier, J. Y. Benaim, and M. Branica, Influence of the type of titration and of data treatment methods on metal complexing parameters determination of single and multi-ligand systems measured by stripping voltammetry, Analytica Chimica Acta, vol.505, issue.2, pp.263-275, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.aca.2003.10.066

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01096786

C. Grimaldi, M. Grimaldi, A. Millet, T. Bariac, and J. Andbouì-egue, Behaviour of chemical solutes during a storm in a rainforested headwater catchment, Hydrological Processes, vol.18, issue.1, pp.93-106, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/hyp.1314

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/bioemco-00169391

J. Hruska, S. Köhler, H. Laudon, and K. Bishop, Is a Universal Model of Organic Acidity Possible:?? Comparison of the Acid/Base Properties of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Boreal and Temperate Zones, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.37, issue.9, pp.1726-1730, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/es0201552

D. A. Ishida, CaracterizaçCaracterizaç?Caracterização e gênese de solos e de depósito de caulim associado, 2010.

K. Kaiser and W. Zech, Dissolved organic matter sorption by mineral constituents of subsoil clay fractions, Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, vol.163, issue.5, pp.531-535, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1522-2624(200010)163:5<531::AID-JPLN531>3.0.CO;2-N

S. Kang and B. Xing, DRIFT, Langmuir, vol.23, issue.13, pp.7024-7031, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/la700543f

R. J. Kieber, S. A. Skrabal, B. J. Smith, W. , and J. D. , Organic Complexation of Fe(II) and Its Impact on the Redox Cycling of Iron in Rain, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.39, issue.6, pp.1576-1583, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/es040439h

S. Köhler, J. Hruska, and K. Bishop, Influence of organic acid site density on pH modeling of Swedish lakes, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.56, issue.8, pp.1461-1470, 1999.
DOI : 10.1139/f99-097

J. A. Leenheer, Origin and nature of humic substances in the waters of the Amazon River Basin, Acta Amazonica, vol.10, issue.3, pp.513-526, 1980.
DOI : 10.1590/1809-43921980103513

Y. Lucas, The Role of Plants in Controlling Rates and Products of Weathering: Importance of Biological Pumping, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol.29, issue.1, pp.135-163, 2001.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.earth.29.1.135

Y. Lucas, A. Chauvel, R. Boulet, G. Ranzani, and F. Scatolini, TransiçTransiç?Transiçâo latossolos-podzois sobre a formaçformaç?formaçâo Barreias na regiâo de Manaus, Amazônia, Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo, vol.8, pp.325-335, 1984.

Y. Lucas, R. Boulet, and A. Chauvel, Intervention simultanée des phénomènes d'enfoncement vertical et de transformation latérale dans la mise en place de systèmes de sols de la zone tropicale humide, Cas des systèmes sols ferrallitiques ? podzols de l'Amazonie Brésilienne, CR. Acad. Sci. II A, pp.1395-1400, 1988.

Y. Lucas, F. J. Luizão, A. Chauvel, J. Rouiller, and D. Nahon, The Relation Between Biological Activity of the Rain Forest and Mineral Composition of Soils, Science, vol.260, issue.5107, pp.521-523, 1993.
DOI : 10.1126/science.260.5107.521

U. S. Lundström, N. Van-breemen, and D. Bain, The podzolization process. A review, Geoderma, vol.94, issue.2-4, pp.91-107, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7061(99)00036-1

M. E. Mcclain, J. E. Richey, J. A. Brandes, and T. P. Pimentel, Dissolved organic matter and terrestrial-lotic linkages in the Central Amazon Basin of Brazil, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol.6, issue.4, pp.295-311, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/97GB01056

N. W. Menzies, G. L. Kerven, L. C. Bell, and D. G. Edwards, Determination of total soluble aluminum in soil solution using pyrocatechol violet, lanthanum and iron to discriminate against micro???particulates and organic ligands, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, vol.3, issue.17-20, pp.2525-2545, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0039-9140(70)80045-5

C. R. Montes, Y. Lucas, A. J. Melfi, and D. A. Ishida, Syst??mes sols ferrallitiques???podzols et gen??se des kaolins, Systèmes sols ferrallitiques?podzols et genèse des kaolins, pp.50-56, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crte.2006.11.001

C. R. Montes, Y. Lucas, O. J. Pereira, R. Achard, M. Grimaldi et al., Deep plant-derived carbon storage in Amazonian podzols, Biogeosciences, vol.85194, pp.113-12010, 2011.

. Munsell, Munsell soil color chart, 1990.

N. R. Nascimento, G. T. Bueno, E. Fritsch, A. J. Herbillon, T. Allard et al., Podzolization as a deferralitization process: a study of an Acrisol-Podzol sequence derived from Palaeozoic sandstones in the northern upper Amazon Basin, European Journal of Soil Science, vol.30, issue.3, pp.523-538, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(71)90044-5

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00087439

N. R. Nascimento, E. Fritsch, G. T. Bueno, M. Bardy, C. Grimaldi et al., Podzolization as a deferralitization process: dynamics and chemistry of ground and surface waters in an Acrisol - Podzol sequence of the upper Amazon Basin, European Journal of Soil Science, vol.103, issue.5, pp.911-924, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01049.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00326507

N. Patel-sorrentino, S. Mounier, Y. Lucas, and J. Y. Benaim, Effects of UV???visible irradiation on natural organic matter from the Amazon basin, Science of The Total Environment, vol.321, issue.1-3, pp.231-239, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.08.017

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01394619

N. Patel-sorrentino, Y. Lucas, F. Eyrolles, and A. J. Melfi, Fe, Al and Si species and organic matter leached off a ferrallitic and podzolic soil system from Central Amazonia, Geoderma, vol.137, issue.3-4, pp.444-454, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.10.002

G. T. Prance, The origin and evolution of the Amazon flora, lnterciencia, pp.207-222, 1978.

M. Ravichandran, G. R. Aiken, M. M. Reddy, R. , and J. N. , Enhanced Dissolution of Cinnabar (Mercuric Sulfide) by Dissolved Organic Matter Isolated from the Florida Everglades, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.32, issue.21, pp.3305-3311, 1998.
DOI : 10.1021/es9804058

M. Robert and J. Berthelin, Role of biological and biochemical factors in soil mineral weathering, in: Interactions of soil minerals with natural organics and microbes, SSSA Special Publication, issue.17, pp.453-495, 1986.

Y. Tardy and D. Nahon, Geochemistry of laterites, stability of Al-goethite, Al-hematite, and Fe (super 3+) -kaolinite in bauxites and ferricretes; an approach to the mechanism of concretion formation, American Journal of Science, vol.285, issue.10, pp.865-903, 1985.
DOI : 10.2475/ajs.285.10.865

Y. Lucas, Amazonian podzol-ferralsol soil system with white kaolin Tardy, Carbon and Water Cycles Amazon River Basin. Applied Biogeochemistry, pp.400-402, 2009.

L. Veillon and B. Soria-solano, Transition sol ferrallitique-podzol: cas d'une terrasse sédimentaire de l'Ucayali (Perou), Cah. ORSTOM, sér. Pédol, vol.24, pp.97-113, 1988.

F. B. Zanchi, M. J. Waterloo, A. J. Dolman, M. Groenendijk, J. Kesselmeier et al., Influence of drainage status on soil and water chemistry, litter decomposition and soil respiration in central Amazonian forests on sandy soils, Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science, vol.6, issue.1, pp.6-29, 2011.
DOI : 10.4136/ambi-agua.170