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K. ;. Ziarek, . Heidegger, . Levinas, . Stevens, . Celan et al., Niewiadomska-Flis's analysis uses the critical lens of irony as a recurrent element of discursive strategy for both Glasgow and Percy. Indeed, both authors, as she notes, share the same desire to "undermine [the workings of the myth of the South]" and both equally resort to "ironic discourse in their ction to reveal hypocrisy, evasive idealism, and double standards, enforced gender diierences, the nondescript New South, the dubious Old South heritage, and moral estrangement, Inected Language: Toward a Hermeneutics of Nearness, 1994.

, Glasgow's and Percy's texts are integrated into larger discussions of identity-shattering periods in Southern history: the slaveholding South, the Civil War, the Civil Rights Movement and even more challenging to Southerners, women emancipation in the 1960s that marked perhaps a more profound break with the past than the Civil Rights movement had been (125)

, 50) forced Southern scions to reevaluate their place and role in Southern society. With a challenged hierarchy, with men now nding themselves "less sure of what [was] Reviews right and honorable" (50), and with old principles now turned into "antiquated notions" (54), the South had to (re)invent new foundations for self-ediication and self-worth. In placing Southern men at the center of the academic debate, Niewiadomska-Flis moves away from the unproblematized images of Southern manhood as the paradigm of honor, community and chivalry, but also from the unproblematized reduction of masculinity to patriarchy. In the rich and varied corpus of literary texts under consideration, Niewiadomska-Flis indeed explores Southern manhood in its plurality-a judge, an aging patriarch General, an inadequate Southern man who lacks character (45), a Southern male of plain origins in Glasgow's e Miller of Old Church (49), as well as John Bickerson (also named Jack or Brinx) who suuers from what Niewiadomska-Flis deenes as the traditional hereditary disease of the Southern male in Percy's e Movie Goer: self-dislocation and self-deception (61, the changing South. e Civil War that was to fundamentally metamorphose the traditional values of the Old South and the accompanying mythologization of the Southern gentleman. .. in the New South

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